The European Parliament: History, Structure, and Functions

History and Origins

The European Parliament (EP) has a rich and complex history dating back to the early days of European integration after World War II. Originally known as the European Parliamentary Assembly or Common Assembly, it was established by the Treaty of Paris (1951) as an advisory body to the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), the precursor to the European Union (EU).

Structure and Organization

The EP is a directly elected parliamentary body composed of 705 members (MEPs) from 27 member states. The president of the EP presides over debates and activities. The Parliament has its headquarters in Strasbourg, France, but also meets in Brussels, Belgium, and Luxembourg City.

Functions and Responsibilities

The EP has a wide range of powers and responsibilities within the EU framework. Its primary functions include:

• Legislative: The EP shares legislative authority with the Council of the European Union, approving or rejecting proposed laws and amendments.
• Budgetary: The EP has the sole power to approve the EU budget, providing it with significant influence over the allocation of funds.
• Oversight: The EP holds the European Commission accountable through parliamentary questions, investigations, and debates.
• Representation: The EP serves as the voice of European citizens, representing their concerns and interests within the EU decision-making process.

Challenges and Future of the EP

Challenges

The EP faces several challenges, including: low voter turnout in European elections, the need for increased transparency and accountability, and the balance between national and European interests.

Future

Despite these challenges, the EP has been instrumental in shaping the EU and promoting European integration. As the EU continues to evolve, the EP is expected to play an increasingly important role in shaping its future and addressing the challenges facing Europe.